Fancy Rat

Fancy rats (Rattus norvegicus domestica) are domestic rats bred as pets. They are among the most intelligent small mammals available as pets and form incredibly strong bonds with their owners. Despite their short lifespan, they pack a lifetime of personality into every moment.

Fancy rats are social, curious, and highly trainable. They can learn their name, tricks, and even navigate mazes. They love to cuddle with their owners and will groom them as a sign of affection. They are rarely aggressive when properly socialized.

Provide fresh food daily (lab blocks plus fresh foods), fresh water, and daily out-of-cage free roam time. Spot-clean cage daily, full clean twice weekly. Spend at least 1–2 hours daily interacting with them — they crave social time.

High-quality rat lab blocks as the base diet. Supplement with fresh vegetables (broccoli, peas, carrots), fruits in moderation, cooked eggs, and lean protein. Avoid citrus fruits for males, raw beans, and high-sugar foods.

A large multi-level wire cage (minimum 2x2x3 ft for a pair). Include multiple hammocks, hideaways, climbing ropes, and toys. Rats love hammocks — provide several levels of them. Use paper-based bedding.

Comfortable at 65–80°F. Sensitive to temperatures above 85°F — can suffer heat stroke. Avoid cold drafts. Moderate humidity is fine. Keep out of direct sunlight.

Find an exotic vet familiar with rats. Females are highly prone to mammary tumors — spaying significantly reduces this risk. Watch for respiratory infections (very common), hind leg degeneration in older males, and pituitary tumors.

Rats have a short lifespan of 2–3 years, which can be emotionally difficult. They require daily attention and social housing. Medical costs can be significant as they age. They are best kept in same-sex groups of 2 or more.